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The interesting migration history of Chinese Miao
Who are the Miao?
As an ethnic group, the Miao people mainly live in China and southeast Asia. Over the past several thousand years, they have migrated numerous times throughout China, and these journeys are reflected in their unique handmade embroidery, silver jewelry, and batik artwork. There were lots of reasons for their migration, but wars were always the cause.
The first big migration
Over 5,000 years ago, the Miao resided in the Yellow River and Yangtze River areas of central China. Chi You, a great general, was their leader. Legend has it that he had a pair of horns projecting from his copper head, and his forehead was as strong as iron. Chi You is believed to create the criminal law in his clan, which was the first Chinese law.
Directed by Chi You, the Miao triumphed over many clans. They were good at making all kinds of weapons, like spears, swords, bows, and arrows.
Unfortunately Chi you and his tribe were destroyed in a bloody war with another mighty clan. He was murdered, and his body and head were placed in two different sites. It's said that the first maple tree was from his blood.
Chi You died, but his soul and story influenced many of his opponents, who painted his picture on their flags to cheer up their soldiers.Soon the Chinese emperors bestowed high praise on him and gave him the name " God of War".
In order to remember Chi You, today in Miao's holidays people would dress themselves with a big silver headdress adorned with silver horns and long. People regard a maple tree as a special totem with great meaning.
After Chi You died, some Miao clans were taken captive and mingled with Han, a leading nationality in China. However the majority of Miao had to abandon their home and migrated to the south of China.
Continued movement
Throughout most of Chinese history, the Han nationality has been the most powerful and has generally dominated the whole country. As an ethnic group, the Miao were consistently tortured by the arbitrary local rulers. Because of the constant wars and persecution, the Miao had to migrate throughout China.
About 2,000 years ago, the Miao settled in the mountainous areas of south and southwestern China, where most Miao people live today.
Then just over 700 years ago, some Miao people moved to the countries of southeast Asia, like Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, and Myanmar. After the Vietnam War was finished in the 1970's, some Miao people became homeless and had to run to America, Europe and Australia. Today it is estimated that about 280,000 Miao people reside in western countries.
Today
Despite widespread migration, the Miao have kept their unique culture and tradition alive to this day.
Because they don't have a written language, they remember their history in a unique way---- put them onto their embroidery work. If you carefully examine their embroidery, you will find that each and every embroidered pattern has a meaning, which is closely related to their history, religion, and culture.
C. Liu has been studying and reserching splendid Miao culture for many years. Occasionally she supports the work of certain Miao artists. Go to her website to learn more about Miao culture and see fine Miao silver jewelry here.
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